Measles in Children: What Every Parent Needs to Know

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that continues to pose a significant health risk to children worldwide. While vaccination efforts have reduced its prevalence, clusters and outbreaks still occur as has recently happened in parts of the US and Europe, making it crucial for parents to recognize the symptoms, understand the potential complications, and appreciate the importance of public health measures, particularly immunization.

Recognizing the Signs of Measles

Measles typically begins with flu-like symptoms that may be mistaken for a common cold. The early signs include:

• High fever (often exceeding 38°C or 101°F)

• Cough

• Runny nose

• Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)

• Koplik spots (tiny white spots inside the mouth, a hallmark sign of measles)

A few days after these initial symptoms, a distinctive rash appears. This rash typically starts on the face and spreads downward to the rest of the body. The rash consists of small, red spots that may merge into larger patches.

Potential Complications of Measles

While many children recover from measles without serious issues, the virus can lead to severe complications, particularly in young children, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Possible complications include:

• Ear infections 

• Pneumonia or pneumonitis – A serious lung infection and the leading cause of measles-related death in young children

• Encephalitis – A rare but severe brain inflammation that can cause seizures and long-term neurological damage. The CDC reports that 1 out of every 1,000 measles cases will develop acute encephalitis, which often results in permanent brain damage.

• Severe diarrhoea and dehydration

  
  

So how can I protect my child from measles?

The most effective way to prevent measles is through vaccination. The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is safe, effective, and provides long-term protection. It is typically administered in two doses:

• First dose: At 12 months of age

• Second dose: At 2  years of age

In some cases, an earlier dose may be recommended during outbreaks or before certain international travel.

Vaccination not only protects the individual child but also contributes to herd immunity, reducing the risk of outbreaks and protecting those who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants under one year or individuals with certain medical conditions.

What Parents Can Do

• Ensure your child is vaccinated according to the recommended schedule.

• Be aware of symptoms and seek medical attention if measles is suspected.

• Keep your child home if they are infected to prevent spreading the virus to others.

• Follow public health guidance during outbreaks to help contain the disease.

  
  

Final Thoughts

Measles is preventable, but it remains a threat where vaccination rates drop. Staying informed, ensuring timely immunization, and understanding the risks of measles can help protect your child and the broader community.

If you have any concerns about measles or vaccinations, consult your child's paediatrician or a healthcare professional for advice.

Be well,

Paula

Dr  Paula Robertson is a busy mom and a paediatrician with over twenty years' experience working with young people and their families. She is also a certified children's mindfulness teacher and Positive Discipline Parenting

coach. You can find out more at www.paulathedoctormom.com.

Our AI wellness assistant has contributed to the writing of this article